Cause/antecedents/history (News Performance)

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses using the constructs cause/antecedents/history in news content are theoretically related to performance and democratic function media (McQuail, 1992). This construct is linked professional standards normative assumption that should provide audience with background information on current events issues (Westerstahl, 1983). For example, can be used explain how a particular problem occurred, what happened beforehand concrete reasons for situation. References/combination other methods data collection: The analysis reporting causes, history complex requires an understanding context relationships established by journalist. As result this complexity, no automated measurement procedures have yet been developed. Example study: Humprecht (2016) Table 1. Study summary Author(s) Sample Unit Analysis Values Reliability Content type: Political routine-period Outlet/ country: 48 online outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 size: N= 1660 analysis: items (make reference political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution headline, sub?headline, first paragraph or accompanying visual) News all journalistic articles mentioned front page (‘first layer’ website) actual story (on second layer Not Rudimental mention (e.g. previous without explanation) Mentioned detail explanation historical events, etc.) Cohen’s kappa average ≥0.69 References Humprecht, E. (2016). Shaping Online Performance. In Palgrave Macmillan. Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56668-3 McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication Public Interest. Sage Publications. Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective reporting: General premises. Research, 10, 403–424.